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This chapter will discuss the history of word processing, identify several popular word processing applications, and define the capabilities of word processors.iA Writer is writing machine for iOS, Mac, and Android that inludes Dropbox and iCloud syncs, focus writing, formatting, Microsoft Word Import and Export.Of all the computer applications in use, word processing is by far the most common. Word processing is the act of using a computer to transform written, verbal, or recorded information into typewritten or printed form. -Uninstalling system software is not. Select what is true regarding uninstalling software. System software refers to programs that offer the structure and hardware control necessary to run the computer and its peripheral devices. An Introduction to Word ProcessingSelect what's true about system software: One of the most important types of system software is the operating system.The power of the written word to transcend verbal communications is best exemplified by the ability of writers to share information and express ideas with far larger audiences and the permanency of the written word.The increasingly large collective body of knowledge is one outcome of the permanency of the written word, including both historical and current works. Throughout history, the written word has provided mankind with the ability to transform thoughts into printed words for distribution to hundreds, thousands, or possibly millions of readers around the world. Common word processing applications include Microsoft Notepad, Microsoft Word, and Corel WordPerfect.Word processing technology allows human beings to freely and efficiently share ideas, thoughts, feelings, sentiments, facts, and other information in written form. A typical word processor enables the user to create documents, edit them using the keyboard and mouse, store them for later retrieval, and print them to a printer. A word processor is a program designed to assist with the production of a wide variety of documents, including letters, memoranda, and manuals, rapidly and at relatively low cost.
![]() It is also difficult and time consuming to produce. The second option of elaborate formatting often does not look as culturally appropriate as properly rendered text, and usually loses its special formatting when text is added or is upgraded to a new system. However, graphic files are cumbersome to download and use, are space consuming, and cannot be electronically searched except by metadata. What Are Common Word Processing Applications Full Phrases OrAbbreviation expansion schemes have also been developed specifically for people with disabilities ( Moulton et al., 1999 Vanderheiden, 1984).Automatic abbreviation expansion at phrase/sentence level has also been investigated: the Compansion ( Demasco & McCoy, 1992 McCoy et al., 1998) system was designed to process and expand spontaneous language constructions, using Natural Language Processing to convert groups of uninflected content words automatically into full phrases or sentences. With a little investment of setup time, those who are able to remember the abbreviations they have defined can find this a useful technique. Abbreviations for commonly used text can be defined, allowing a long sequence such as an address to be entered with just a few keystrokes. Even if the document has “track changed” enabled, which logs changes to a document, that would only capture changes that were tracked, as there may be more untracked and unknown changes.As a side note to hash values, in Figure 11.5, the hash values are completely different, even though the only difference between the two sample files is a single period added to the text. However, when only file exists, proving the file to be unaltered is more than problematic, it is virtually impossible.In this situation of having a single file to verify as original and unaltered evidence, an analysis would only be able to show when the file was modified over time, but the actual modifications won’t be known. Using Figure 11.5 as an example, given that the file having the MD5 hash value of d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e is the original, and where the second file is the alleged altered file, a visual inspection of both files should be able to determine the modifications. Two files with the same file names, but having different hash values, indicating the contents are not identical.Finding the discrepancies or modifications of an electronic file can only be accomplished if there is a comparison to be made with the original file. Frequent users of text messaging can learn to recognize a large number of abbreviations without assistance.Figure 11.5. Automatic expansion of many abbreviations may not be necessary, however, depending on the context in which the text is being used. Such would be the case of a single file, modified by someone in a business office, where many persons had common access to the evidence file before it was known to be evidence. Although not every change may have been incrementally saved by the Volume Shadow Service, such as if the file was saved to a flash drive, any previous versions that can be found will allow to find some of the modifications made.Where a single file will determine the outcome of an investigation or have a dramatic effect on the case, the importance of ‘getting it right’ cannot be overstated. Each of these instances of access to the file is an opportunity to create a list of possible suspects having access to those systems in use at each updated metadata fields.In the Microsoft Windows operating systems, Volume Shadow Copies may provide an examiner with a string of previous versions of a document, in which the modifications between each version can be determined. At some point, the flash drive was connected to a computer system, where evidence on a system may show link files to the file. This may be on one or more computers even if the file existed on a flash drive. As a file is created, copied, modified, and otherwise touched, the file and system metadata will generally be updated.Having the dates and times of these updates should give rise to you that the updates occurred on some computer system. Pro tools download macIt will probably require an investigation into work schedules, lunch schedules, backup tapes, phone call logs, and anything else to place everyone somewhere during the time of the file being altered.Potentially you may even need to examine the hard drive of a copy machine and maybe place a person at the copy machine based on what was copied at the time the evidence file was being modified. Some may be able to tell you exactly where other employees were in the office, even point the suspect out directly.But what if you are called in a year later? How about 2 or more years later? What would be the odds employees remembering their whereabouts on a Monday in July 2 years earlier? To identify a suspect at this point requires more than a forensic analysis of a computer. Interviews of the employees would be easier as most would remember their whereabouts in the office within the last few days. It underscores a pattern of implicit trust that if a word is not flagged as incorrect in a word processing system, then it must be not only spelled correctly but also used correctly. From errors in business letters and on resumes to uncorrected word usage in academic papers, this nonstrategy emerges as epidemic. Hardré, in Emotions, Technology, and Behaviors, 2016 Trusting Spelling and Grammar CheckersWe often see evidence that users of word processing systems trust absolutely in spelling and grammar checkers. If you can’t place a suspect at the scene, you might be able to place everyone else at a location, and those you can’t place, just made your list of possible suspects.Patricia L.
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